Apostrophes serve two basic functions: 

•  Show possession

for example: Mary's bag is red.

•  Indicate letters have been removed to form a contraction

for example: 'could not' becomes 'couldn't' 

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When you should use an apostrophe + s

• To show that a person/thing owns something
• To show that a person/thing is a member of something (noun + is = apostrophe + s)
• If a word ends with an s, add the apostrophe after the s to show possession

Remember these apostrophe rules

• Plurals do not contain apostrophes
• When saying “it” is possessive of something, the spelling is “its." 
• “It’s” is a contraction of “it is."
• Contractions are single words formed from the merging of a subject and a verb.
• When forming a contraction, keep the subject the same. Replace all of the syllables of the verb with an apostrophe, except for the last one. (Grammar Rules)

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Example 1

Incorrect: Susies dogs friends owner waved to Susie.

Correct: Susie's dog’s friend’s owner waved to Susie.

Example 2

Incorrect: The wild dog licked it’s chops.

Correct: The wild dog licked its chops.

Example 3

Incorrect: My cousin has two nephews’s.

Correct: My cousin has two nephews.

Example 4

Incorrect: Shellys shells shiny scale’s shimmered in the sunlight.

Correct: Shelly’s shell’s shiny scales shimmered in the sunlight.

Explanation: Apostrophes show possession or help form a contraction. They are not used to make a word plural. 

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